Ancient World, Modern World, and U.S. History Semester Exam Overivew

 Material you are respsonsible for:

• Ancient World History:  chapters 1-4 and all related class material

• Modern World History:  chapters 14-18, pages 557-566 of chapter 19 and all related class material

• United States History:  chapters 2-7; pages 271-280 of chapter 9 and all related class material

Exam Format:

Your exam grade will be based on your response to four essay questions.  Each question will be worth 25% of your total exam grade.  You will have some choice in the questions that you answer (there will be a total of 6-7 essay questions to choose from).  You should plan to spend about 30 minutes on each question (reading it, thinking about it, brainstorming, and writing your response).

What kinds of essay questions will there be?

The essay questions will include compare/contrast questions, questions that deal with change over time, and questions that deal with historical analysis:

• A compare/contrast question would ask you to discuss the similarities and/or differences between two or more societies or aspects of a society (such as government or religion)
• A change over time question would ask you to discuss and explain how a given region, society, or aspect(s) of a society changed over a specific period of time. 
• A historical analysis question would ask you to analyze one or more historical developments, events, people, technology, etc. and demonstrate your understanding of the topic and its overall historical significance.
• There may also be questions that will require you to make use of primary document excerpts (they will be provided with the question) in order to effectively answer the question.

What’s an ‘effective’ answer?

An effective answer is one that:

• Is well thought out and organized.
• Incorporates substantial, relevant, accurate, and specific historical evidence as support for the response.
• Answers all parts of the question.

Points earned by each essay (up to 25) will reflect the extent that the above criteria are met.

How should I study?

While there is no “one way” to effectively study, here are some suggestions:

• Review the study guides from past tests you’ve taken this semester, all of which may still be found on this blog.  Use these guides to break down the material as well as to provide an overall structure.  Past tests themselves can also be helpful if you still have them, though all of the questions on the exam will be new.
• Use the P.E.R.S.I.A. method
• Think in terms of “comparing/contrasting” and “change over time” as you review the material.  Try to anticipate questions—make up your own and then answer them.
• Finally:  give yourself time and do not try to study everything all at once.

Week 15: December 3-7

Ancient World

Monday:  Greek Religion and Philosophy

 

Homework:  Work on your research papers

 

Tuesday:  Spartans, Thebans, and Macedonians

 

Homework (due Wednesday):  read pages 114-121 and write a response to the following:  how was the Hellenistic world different from the Hellenic world?  In what ways is the Hellenistic world like our own? 

 

Wednesday:  Alexander the Great, continued

Homework (due Thursday):  Study for the test; work on your papers

Thursday:  The Hellenistic World

Homework (due Friday): study for the test

Friday:  Test

Homework (due Monday):  Research Papers

Modern World

Monday:  Napoleon III and the Eastern Question

Homework (due Tuesday):  work on your research papers

Tuesday:  The Crimean War

Homework (due Wednesday):  work on your research papers.


 Wednesday:  The Unification of Italy

Homework (due Friday):  work on your research papers

Friday:  The Unfication of Germany

Homework (due Monday):  finish your research papers

United States History

Monday:  Work day

Homework (due Tuesday 5th period/Wednesday 6th period) work on your research papers

Tuesday 5th period/Wednesday 6th period:  The Louisiana Purchase and the War of 1812

Homework (due Wendsday 5th period/due Thursday 6th period):  Work on your research papers

Wednesday 5th period/Thursday 6th period:  John Marshall and the New Supreme Court

Homework (due Friday): read pages 271-277 (stop at "American Mechanics") and write a response to the following:  what are some of the characteristics of the early American Industrial Revolution?  How did the United States' relationship with Britain impact industrialization in the U.S.?

Friday:  The Industrial Revolution in America

Homework (due Monday):  read pages 277-280 (stop at "The Market Revolution") and write a response to the following:  as the Industrial Revolution continued in the U.S., how did it change the nature of work/labor?  How did workers respond to these changes?

Research papers due Monday

Ancient World History Persia/Greek Study Guide

Ancient World History:  MP 2, Test 1 Review

Mr. Layne

Test Date:  Friday, December 7^th

What does this test cover?

The Greeks, the Persians, the Macedonians, and their conflicts.  Relevant textbook material is chapters 1 (the section on Persia) and 4 in your textbook.

What do I need to know?

• The major political, social, and cultural developments in Greece, including
• Geographic features
• The early Greeks (Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean)
• The development and significance of the polis
• Greek systems of government
• Important people
• Chronology of events
• Cultural aspects and their significance (art, science, philosophy, etc.)

• The major aspects of the Persian Empire
• Geographic features
• Important people
• Chronology of the growth of the Persian Empire
• Aspects of Persian government and administration
• Zoroastrianism—Zarathustra; Ahura Mazda; Angra Mainyu; major beliefs and characteristics

• The Persian War
• Greek and Persian military practices
• Causes of the wars
• Chronology of events
• Major battles and their significance
• Marathon
• Thermopylae
• Salamis
• Plataea
• Important people
• Herodotus
• Miltiades
• Leonidas
• Ephialtes
• Temistocles
• Sicinnus
• Artemesia
• Pausanias
• Mardonias

• The Peloponnesian War
• Causes of the war
• The Delian League
• The Long Walls
• Chronology
• Major events
• The Spartan declaration of war
• Athenian strategy
• The plague of Athens
• The Siege of Plataea
• The Sicilian Expedition
• The battle of Aegospotami
• Important people
• Thucydides
• Pericles
• Alcibiades
• Lysander

• Aftermath of the war and its significance
• The Spartan Hegemony and the Battle of Leuctra

• Macedonia, Alexander the Great, and the Hellenistic World
• Aspects of Macedonian society (geography, political system, military, etc.)
• Characteristics of Alexander
• Major battles and their significance
• The collapse of Alexander’s Empire and the successor states
• Aspects of Hellenistic culture and its significance (science and technology; religion and philosophy)

What is the format of the test?

• 15 multiple choice questions, each worth 3 points (45 points total)
• 2 response questions, you choose 1, each worth 55 points

Week 14: Novmember 26-30

Ancient World

Monday:  Introduction to Footnotes

 

Homework:  practice footnotes on your own

 

Tuesday:  The Battle of Plataea

 

Homework:  read pages 103-104 (stop at "The Culture of Classical Greece") and write a response to the following:  what led to conflict between Athens and Sparta following their previous alliance against Persia?

• Optional research paper rough drafts due

Wednesday:  The Peloponnesian War

Homework (due Thursday):  read pages 104-109 (stop at "Greek Religion") and write a response to the following:  what were the major characteristics of Greek culture?  How does Greek culture continue to impact our own culture today?

Thursday:  Greek Culture

Homework (due Friday): read pages 109-112 (stop at "The Rise of Macedon") and write a response to the following:  what were the major characteristics of Greek religious beliefs?  How did Greek religion reflect other social characteristics of Greek society?

Friday:  Greek Religion and Society

Homework (due Monday):  Read pages 112-114 (stop at "The World of the Hellenistic Kingdoms") and write a response to the following:  do you consider Alexander to be "Great"?  Why or why not?

Modern World

Monday:  The Napoleonic Wars

Homework (due Tuesday):  work on your research papers

Tuesday:  The Napoleonic Wars, concluded

Homework (due Wednesday): read pages 557 (begin with "Reaction and Revolution")-562 (stop at "Nationalism in the Balkans") and write a response to the following:  in what ways did the French Revolution continue to impact Europe in the decades after it was over?

• Optional research paper rough drafts due 

 Wednesday:  The Wake of the French Revolution:  Politics in 19th Century Europe

Homework (due Friday):  read pages 562-563 and write a response to the following:  what was "the Eastern Question" and why did it matter to Europe?

Friday:  The Eastern Question and the Crimean War

Homework (due Monday):  read pages 564-566 (stop at "Nationalism and Reform") and write a response to the following:  what is "Realpolitik" and how did both Cavour and Bismarck represent this idea as they worked to unify their countries?

 

United States History

Monday:  Hamilton and the National Bank

Homework (due Tuesday 5th period/due Wednesday 6th period):  work on your research papers

• Optional research paper rough drafts due Wednesday

Tuesday 5th period/Wednesday 6th period: 

Homework (due Wendsday 5th period/due Thursday 6th period):  read pages 218 ("The Jeffersonian Presidency"-  224 (stop at "The War of 1812") and write a response to the following: what challenges faced Jefferson's United States as it expanded?


Wednesday 5th period/Thursday 6th period:  The Jeffersonian Presidency

Homework (due Friday): read pages 224-228 (stop at "The Federalist Legacy" and write a response to the following: how did U.S. party politics impact the War of 1812 and how did the war of 1812 impact the Federalist party?


Friday:  The War of 1812 and the Death of the Federalists

Homework:  read pages 228-234 and write a response to the following:  in what ways did Federalist thinking live on in John Marshall and how did he impact both the Supreme Court and the United States?

Mr. Layne’s Guide to Footnotes

Note:  There are a few formatting differences here due to Blogger.  Your document won't look exactly like this and that's ok.  Follow the directions here and you'll be fine.

Also:  this week's blog post will go up tomorrow (Tuesday) by 9:00 a.m.

Now, on to footnotes . . .

What is a footnote, and when do you use them?

A footnote is a method for citing a source in the text of a research paper.  The footnote appears as a small number in the text—usually at the end of a quotation or a sentence, like this.[1]  You should use a footnote anytime you do any of the following with a source:

·         Quote directly from it

·         Summarize it using your own words

How do I insert a footnote?

If you are using Word, then you put the cursor where you want the little number in the text to be. Then you click on “References” at the top of the screen and select “Insert Footnote.”  Word will automatically insert the appropriate number in the text, and then allow you to type the footnote itself at the bottom of the page.

What is the proper format for typing a footnote?

A footnote contains information similar to a bibliography, with some additional information (such as page numbers) as well.  Here’s and example footnote citing something from the first 2 pages of the book The Military Revolution:  Military Innovation and the Rise of the West, 1500-1800 by Geoffrey Parker.[2]

Basically, the format is:

·         Author’s name—first, then last

·         Title

·         Place of publication, publisher, publication date, all in parenthesis

·         The page number of the citation

Do I have to type out all that information every time I cite that source?

No.  You only type out a full citation for each source once.  If I were to cite that same book again, let’s say this time something from page 20, I would just have to type this (the author’s last name and the page number).[3]  If you use more than one book by the same author, then give the author’s last name and part of the title, followed by the page numbers, in order not to confuse your readers.

What’s the format for a magazine or journal?

It looks like this.[4]  Basically, it’s the author’s name, the title of the article, the title of the magazine or journal, the volume and issue numbers, the year, and the page number(s)

What about an internet source?

Here it is.[5]  Again, you need an author (if there is one), a title, the url, the date the website was last updated (if there is one) and the date you last accessed it.

---

[1] The footnote itself is at the bottom of the page, like this (that’s why it’s called a footnote).  The footnote here at the bottom of the page corresponds with the number of the footnote in the text.  Make sense?

[2] Geoffrey Parker, The Military Revolution:  Military Innovation and the Rise of the West, 1500-1800 (Cambridge:  Cambridge University Press, 1988), 1-2.

[3] Parker, 20.

[4] James Burke, “The New Model Army and the Problems of Siege Warfare, 1648-51” Irish Historical Studies, vol. 27, issue 105 (1990), 8.

[5] Code of Hammurabi, L.W. King, translator.  http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/hamcode.html , n.d., last accessed November 26, 2012.

Week 13: November 12-16

For all classes:  Ancient World, Modern World, and United States History:

• Thesis, outline, and bibliography due Wednesday, November 14th
• Continue to work on your research papers; no additional homework this week
• Reminder:  optional rough drafts due Wednesday, November 28th

Have a safe and happy Thanksgiving break.
                                                --Mr. Layne

The Bibliography: what it is & how to do it

What is a bibliography?

A bibliography is a listing of sources about a particular subject.  The list provides specific information about each source (author, title, when it was published, by whom, etc.).  A good scholar  includes a bibliography as part of the research project so that the readers may see what kind of evidence the scholar used and how thoroughly the scholar researched the topic.

How do I actually write a bibliography?

There is a set format that is very easy to follow and a few guidelines to keep in mind:

• The bibliography is categorized by source type—in other words, you list your primary sources first, followed by your secondary sources (books first, then articles)
• The sources are arranged alphabetically by the author’s or editor’s last name.  If there is no clear author (as is the case with many primary sources) then you go alphabetically by the title.
• For websites (remember, primary sources only), give the title of the source first (it should be italicized), followed by the name of any additional authors or editors, followed by the date that the website was last updated (if there is no date given, simply write n.d.), followed by the address of the website in brackets (like these < >), followed by the date you last viewed the website in parenthesis. 

Here’s a sample bibliography—this is the format you should follow for the bibliography you will turn in on Wednesday:

Primary Sources

Code of Hammurabi, L.W. King, translator.  n.d. <http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/hamcode.html> (November 1, 2012)

                                                

The Writings and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell Volume I-II, William Cortez Abbot, ed. 

            New York:  Russell & Russell, 1970.

 

Secondary Sources

Books

Blackmore, David.  Arms and Armour of the English Civil Wars.  London: 
            Royal Armouries, 1990.

Articles

Gentles, Ian. “Why Men Fought in the British Civil Wars, 1639-1652.” 
           History Teacher 26 (1993):  407-418.

                       

Modern World History Chapter 18 Test Review Sheet

Modern World History

Chapter 18 Review Sheet—Mr. Layne

What do I need to know?

• The major characteristics and developments of the Scientific Revolution, including:
• Major scientists, their fields of study, and their discoveries/contributions including:
• Copernicus
• Kepler
• Galileo
• Des Cartes
• Paracelsus
• Harvey
• Boyle
• Vesalius
• Bacon
• Newton

• The major characteristics of the Enlightenment, including
• The connection to the Scientific Revolution
• The individual philosophes and their ideas, including
• John Locke
• Voltaire
• Rousseau
• Montesquieu
• Adam Smith
• The different forms the Enlightenment took (for example, the Enlightenment in Russia, Austria, and Prussia)

• The causes and consequences of the American Revolution and its relationship to the Enlightenment
• The French and Indian War
• British taxation
• Colonial Response
• American strategey and victory during the Revolution
• The success of the United States Government and the Constitution of 1789

• The causes, characteristics, and consequences of the French Revolution and Napoleonic era including
• The influence of the Enlightenment and the Philosophes
• The social dynamics of Paris vs. the countryside of France
• The polices of King Louis XVI and the conflict between the nobility and the monarchy over taxation
• Chronology of events beginning with the calling of the Estates General in May of 1789 through the end of the Directory in 1799
• Reasons for increasing radicalism and changes of government during the French Revolution (including the different forms of government that France went through from the Monarchy to Napoleon)
• The significance of the Jacobins, Robespierre, and the Reign of Terror
• The relationship between Napoleon and the French Revolution
• A comparison of the French Revolution with other Revolutions and an understanding of the “Revolutionary Paradigm”

What is the format of this test?

• 15 multiple choice questions, each worth 3 points (45 points)
• Two essay questions (choose ONE), 55 points

United States History Chapter 6, Etc. Test Review

U.S. History

Mr. Layne

Chapter 6/Beginning of Chapter 7 Review Sheet

What is this test on?

This test is on all of Chapter 6 and part of Chapter 7 (to page 212) in your textbook and all related material covered in class.

What do I need to know?

Chapter 6:

·         Review pages 165-166 from chapter 5 about the Declaration of Independence

·         Comparison of the British Army and the Continental Army at the beginning of the Revolution

·         The perceptions, strategies, and advantages of the British army and the Continental Army

·         The major events/developments of the American Revolution, including

o   Saratoga

o   Valley Forge

o   Alliance with France

o   The war in the South

o   Yorktown

o   The surrender

o   The Peace of Paris

·         Major people, including

o   General George Washington

o   General Nathaniel Greene

o   General John Burgoyne

o   Baron von Steuben

o   General Francis Marion

o   General Cornwallis

o   Marquis de Lafayette

·         Reasons for the American Victory

·         The characteristics of the Articles of Confederation, including

o   Ideas behind its creation

o   Powers

o   Relationship with the states

o   Social and economic issues of the time

o   Role in territorial expansion

o   Impact of Shays Rebellion

·         The Constitutional Convention of 1787, including

o   Reason and purpose of the Convention

o   Characteristics of the Delegates and their actions

o   Plans and compromises, including     

§  The VA plan and New Jersey plan

§  The “Great Compromise”

§  The 3/5 Compromise

§  Other contents of the Constitution:  Supreme Court, Electoral College

·         The Ratification Process

o   Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

o   Anti-Federalist demands

Chapter 7:

• Hamilton’s economic policy and the establishment of the National Bank
• Contrasting Views of Hamilton and Jefferson
• The first cabinet (departments and secretaries)
• The formation of political parties and their role in early Constitutional issues

What is the format of the test?

Whether you are taking this class or Honors credit or College Prep credit, the format will be the same (there will be variation in the questions):

• 15 multiple choice questions, each worth 3 points each (45 points total)
• 2 essay questions—you will choose ONE of them—and answer it, (55 points total)

Marking Period 2 Research Paper Directions (November Re-post)

Ancient, Modern, and United States History

Mr. Layne

Project Directions, Marking Period 2

What is the project?

Your project for this marking period is to develop a research paper using conventions of the discipline of history about a topic related to your respective history class.

What is the purpose of this project?

To introduce you to historical research and writing:  choosing a topic, conducting research, developing a thesis, supporting your thesis with evidence, and presenting it in the form of a well written paper.

When is this project due?

You actually have several due dates:

• Wednesday, October 31^st:  topic due

• Wednesday, November 14^th:  outline and bibliography due (will count as a separate quiz grade).
• Wednesday, November 28^th:  optional draft due (it need not be complete)
• Monday, December 10^th: final paper due

What Topics can I choose?

That depends on what class you are in:

• Ancient World:  Any topic up to 500 C.E. relating to World History
• Modern World:  Any topic between 1500-1850 relating to World History
• United States History:  Any topic between 1607-1865 relating to U. S. History

How much of my grade is this project worth?

This project will be worth 35% of your marking period grade

How will this project be graded?

You will be graded on the following criteria:

• Meeting the due date

• Correct spelling, grammar, and formatting
• Use of primary and secondary sources; strength of overall evidence
• Strength of the thesis and overall substance of the paper
• Strength of conclusions

What do you mean by “conventions of the discipline of history?”

That means that I expect you to cite your sources using footnotes or endnotes and a works cited page using the “Chicago Style” format.  Don’t worry if you have no idea what this means—I’ll be going over it with you in class well before the final paper is due.

How many sources do I need to use (College Prep)?

You must have minimum of 5 sources—2 of which must be primary.  You may not use Internet secondary sources (like Wikipedia).  You may not use your textbook as a source.  You may not use general encyclopedias (World Book, Britannica, etc.).  Primary sources found on the Internet from reputable sites are acceptable.

How long does this paper need to be (College Prep)?

It must be a minimum of 1,000-1,250 words (approximately 4-5 pages).  Any attempt to make your paper appear longer than it actually is (large font, weird spacing, etc.) will result in your grade being penalized.  The paper should have standard margins and be typed in 12 point Times New Roman font.

What if I am taking this course for Honors Credit?

If you are taking this course for Honor’s Credit, then you need to meet a few additional requirements:

• To allow you to conduct both broader and more in-depth research, you must have a minimum of 7 sources—3 of which must be primary.  You may not use Internet secondary sources (like Wikipedia).  You may not use your textbook as a source.  You may not use general encyclopedias (World Book, Britannica, etc.).  Primary sources found on the Internet from reputable sites are acceptable.

• To allow you to write a paper of greater substance, the paper must be a minimum of 1,250-1,750 words (approximately 5-7 pages).  Any attempt to make your paper appear longer than it actually is (large font, weird spacing, etc.) will result in your grade being penalized.  The paper should have 1-inch margins all around and should have a font no larger than 12 pt. (my preferred font is Times New Roman).
• To allow you the opportunity for greater communication, you will prepare a 5-7 minute presentation on your topic, which you will present for the class.
  • This presentation must include the following:
    • The topic of your paper and your thesis
    • A brief overview of your research methods and the sources you used—both primary and secondary
    • A brief overview of the main points of your paper
    • What your paper concludes
    • Question/Answer period
  • You may prepare a power point to accompany your presentation.  The power point must enhance the presentation and not serve to replace it.
  • You may use notes for your presentation; you should not simply stand up and read your paper.

What if I have more questions?

Ask me—at the beginning or end of class, in the halls, via email, whatever—just ask.

Week 12: November 5-9

Ancient World

Monday:  Sparta, continued

• Homework:  research for your papers

Tuesday:  Writing Workshop:  Devising a Thesis Statment

• Homework:  continue your research, work on a thesis statement for your paper

Wednesday:  The Persian War, Phase 1

• Homework (due Thursday):  Continue working on your research

Thursday:  The Persian War, Phase 2

• Homework (due Friday): Continue working on your research

Friday:  Writing Workshop:  Outlining and the Bibliography; The Persian War, continued

• Homework (due Monday):  Work on your thesis statement, outline, and bibliograpy

Modern World

Monday:  Beginning the French Revolution

• Homework (due Tuesday):  research for your paper

Tuesday:  The Progression of the French Revolution

• Homework (due Wednesday): read pages 530-537 and write a response to the following:  in what ways did the French Revolution lead to Napoleon and his Empire?

 Wednesday:  From Revolution to Empire

• Homework (due Friday):  Work on your research paper; review chapter 18 for the upcoming test

Friday:  Writing Workshop:  Reviewing Thesis, Outlining, and the Bibliography

• Homework (due Monday):  review chapter 18; work on your Thesis, Outline, and Bibliography

Monday (November 12):  Loose Ends; test review

• Homework:  study for the test on chapter 18

Tuesday:  Test, Chapter 18

• Homework:  Thesis, Outline, and Bibliography due

United States History

Monday:  Shays' Rebellion and the Constitutional Convention

• Homework (due Tuesday 5th period/due Wednesday 6th period):  work on your research papers

Tuesday 5th period/Wednesday 6th period:  The United States After Ratification

• Homework (due Wendsday 5th period/due Thursday 6th period):  read pages 208-212 (stop at "The Westward Movement and the Jeffersonian Revolution") and write a response to the following:  how did political parties come into being in the late 1700's and how did they impact the early American government?

Wednesday 5th period/Thursday 6th period:  Party Politics in the early United States

• Homework (due Friday): read pages 212-218 (stop at "The Jeffersonian Presidency") and write a response to the following:  how would you characterize the relationship between the United States government and Native Americans in the late 1700's?  What was the reason for the nature of their relationship?  We will cover this material on Tuesday (5th)/Wednesday (6th), November 13th and 14th.  It will not be on the test.

Friday:  Native Americans and American Expansion

• Homework (due Monday):  Work on your research papers and review chapters 6 and 7 (up to page 212).  Test on chapters 6 and 7 (up to page 212):  Monday, November 12).